{"id":84,"date":"2019-04-25T13:39:32","date_gmt":"2019-04-25T10:39:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/favorite-news.com\/vi\/the-gioi-dang-xac-dinh-do-luong-va-quan-ly-khu-vuc-kinh-te-phi-chinh-thuc-nhu-the-nao\/"},"modified":"2019-04-25T13:39:33","modified_gmt":"2019-04-25T10:39:33","slug":"the-gioi-dang-xac-dinh-do-luong-va-quan-ly-khu-vuc-kinh-te-phi-chinh-thuc-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/favorite-news.com\/vi\/the-gioi-dang-xac-dinh-do-luong-va-quan-ly-khu-vuc-kinh-te-phi-chinh-thuc-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t (Non-Observed Economy \u2013 NOE \u2013 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gia t\u0103ng ngu\u1ed3n thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i kinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n khu v\u1ef1c NOE v\u00e0o GDP v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m quy m\u00f4, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang r\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, TS. C\u1ea5n V\u0103n L\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u BIDV \u0111\u00e3 cho ra m\u1eaft “B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam”. <\/i>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y tham kh\u1ea3o kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c NOE; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c NOE c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng theo d\u00f5i.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n 1: Kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c NOE<\/b><\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c NOE t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu thu\u1ebf. Theo \u0111\u00f3, NOE c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thu thu\u1ebf, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng, suy y\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gia t\u0103ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf NOE kh\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c: (i) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay khu v\u1ef1c NOE; (ii) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi NOE; (iii) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c NOE; (iv) t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c NOE. \u00a0 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m “shadow economy” hay “underground economy<\/i>“, khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t “non-observed economy<\/i>“, kinh t\u1ebf \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u “hidden economy<\/i>“, kinh t\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c “informal economy<\/i>“; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t chung v\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WB) v\u00e0 Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMF) th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m “shadow economy<\/i>“, OEDC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m “shadow economy”<\/i> v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t “non-observed economy<\/i>“. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t “Non-observed economy”.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Theo WB (2010), khu v\u1ef1c NOE (hay shadow economy) g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng che d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00ec m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do nh\u01b0: tr\u00e1nh n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a, an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng..), tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh\u2026 Theo OEDC (2002), khu v\u1ef1c NOE bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u1ea7m (h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9 thu\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ecbnh), b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kinh doanh), ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Theo IMF (01\/2018), khu v\u1ef1c NOE bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che d\u1ea5u kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (l\u00fd do t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00fd do v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ed3m tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 quan li\u00eau, l\u00fd do th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c tham nh\u0169ng\u2026). <\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3, IMF ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i NOE th\u00e0nh 5 nh\u00f3m sau<\/b>: (i) c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1ea7m<\/i> (l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng che gi\u1ea5u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n; (ii) c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p<\/i> (t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p); (iii) c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/i> (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf); (iv) c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/i> (h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra ch\u00fang); (v) c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua do thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/i>. <\/p>\n

Qui m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 27,78%<\/b> GDP th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2015. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a IMF s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a chi\u1ec1u MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes), quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1991-2015 c\u1ee7a 158 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/i> \u1edf m\u1ee9c 31,77%<\/b> v\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 34,51% GDP n\u0103m 1991<\/b> xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c 27,78% GDP n\u0103m 2015<\/b>. C\u0169ng theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a IMF (01\/2018), quy m\u00f4 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c NOE c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u (b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng \u00bd) so v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 NOE b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1991-2015, quy m\u00f4 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE c\u1ee7a 25 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed1i OECD \u1edf m\u1ee9c 15,67% GDP, trong khi quy m\u00f4 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c NOE c\u1ee7a 158 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 31,77% GDP. <\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010-2015, quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 6,66% GDP, M\u1ef9 (7,75% GDP), \u00dac (9,13% GDP). T\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1,<\/i> quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010-2015 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Singapore \u1edf m\u1ee9c 10% GDP, Trung Qu\u1ed1c (12,11% GDP), Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf m\u1ee9c <\/b>b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n <\/b>15,79% GDP<\/b> (gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 17,18% GDP n\u0103m 2010 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c 14,78% GDP n\u0103m 2015), Indonesia (22,17%), Campuchia (22,22%), L\u00e0o (25,41%), Maylaysia (28,68%), Philippines (40,74%), Th\u00e1i Lan (46,72% GDP). Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE th\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ASEAN (sau Singapore), trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Philippinies, Myanmar, Th\u00e1i Lan l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE r\u1ea5t cao (tr\u00ean 40% GDP). <\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1: Quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010-2015 <\/b>(theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MIMIC, % GDP)<\/i> <\/i><\/p>\n

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Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c NOE<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo IMF (2018), ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o 6 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0<\/b>: (i) g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao, (ii) \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf, (iii) ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham nh\u0169ng cao, (iv) L\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, (v) ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 (vi) m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: <\/p>\n

– G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i:<\/b> G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u00e0ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE. <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf:<\/b> Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf trung th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham nh\u0169ng cao:<\/b> Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf. V\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan lieu, tham nh\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n

– Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh:<\/b> C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p:<\/b> Khi quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE t\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf l\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, trong khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c NOE m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Johnson, Kaufmann v\u00e0 Zoido-Lobaton (1998a\/b), quy m\u00f4 NOE th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu thu\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt tham nh\u0169ng h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n

– M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c:<\/b> M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng cao, ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, quy m\u00f4 ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE\u2026v.v. <\/p>\n

Trong 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Enste (2015) v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 NOE c\u1ee7a 9 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho th\u1ea5y g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf, chi ph\u00ed an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf<\/b> l\u00e0 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE (chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 60% m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng). <\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE <\/b><\/p>\n

Quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t “\u1ea9n d\u1ea5u” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh theo t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec7n nay, theo IMF (2018), c\u00f3 hai nh\u00f3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p <\/b>ch\u00ednh <\/b>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c NOE<\/b> g\u1ed3m: nh\u00f3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. <\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/i><\/b> g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh<\/i><\/b>; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch thu nh\u1eadp – ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u00f3m <\/i><\/b>ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp g\u1ed3m<\/i><\/b> 6 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh<\/i><\/b>: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p giao d\u1ecbch (transation approach), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 (Currency demand approach), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd (Physical input – Electricity Consumption method) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a chi\u1ec1u (MIMIC). <\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u0129 m\u00f4 l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 (CDA – Currency Demand Approach) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a chi\u1ec1u (MIMIC – Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a WB v\u00e0 IMF th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MIMIC (v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 NOE c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c NOE tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/b> <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n khu v\u1ef1c NOE h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c quy m\u00f4 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c NOE v\u00e0o GDP t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2014, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) nh\u01b0 Anh, \u00dd, H\u00e0 Lan, Ph\u1ea7n Lan\u2026th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p (nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m, ma t\u00fay\u2026) v\u00e0o GDP nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quy m\u00f4 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE c\u1ee7a \u00dd (kho\u1ea3ng 17-17,5% GDP) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o GDP t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008; hay Nga \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh 24,3% GDP v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh 0,8% GDP khi t\u00ednh khu v\u1ef1c NOE v\u00e0o GDP (theo OCCRP).<\/i> <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2014, EU \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o GDP, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u0103ng th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c gia. Khi \u0111\u00f3, GDP c\u1ee7a \u00dd t\u0103ng th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 1,3 \u0111i\u1ec3m % trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, GDP c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 4 \u0111i\u1ec3m % v\u00e0 GDP c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, \u00c1o, H\u00e0 Lan t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 3-5 \u0111i\u1ec3m %. <\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c NOE g\u1ed3m: <\/b>(i) \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf; (ii) t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p khu v\u1ef1c NOE; (iii) c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf nh\u01b0 n\u00eau d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf.<\/i><\/b> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. N\u0103m 2015, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea1i Mexico, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd qu\u1ed1c gia duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n. N\u0103m 2013, C\u01a1 quan Thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf\u2026v.v.. <\/p>\n

– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p khu v\u1ef1c NOE<\/i><\/b> th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh t\u00ednh tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u gian l\u1eadn, r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, Latvia<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m. N\u0103m 2018, B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Latvia \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t cho c\u1ea3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng 3.000 euro (kho\u1ea3ng 78 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, C\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf Latvia \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i M\u1ef9<\/i>, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. N\u0103m 2011, C\u01a1 quan Thu\u1ebf v\u1ee5 M\u1ef9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp) nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ed, thu\u1ebf cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean; B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, 37 bang \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m thu h\u1ed3i kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u00dac<\/i>, C\u01a1 quan Thu\u1ebf (ATO) t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; theo \u0111\u00f3, ATO ki\u1ec3m tra 4.000 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m hay kh\u00f4ng. ATO c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho h\u01a1n 100 ng\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 1,5 tri\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng gian l\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt thu\u1ebf. C\u00f4ng ty b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb “\u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch \u0111en” \u0111\u1ec3 ATO \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u00eam. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng qua bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Indonesia<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m <\/strong>gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

– C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i><\/b> th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trung gian nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin<\/i>. T\u1ea1i Nga, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nga \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh doanh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m nh\u1edd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft…) b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. T\u1ea1i Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong thanh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c thanh to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed thay v\u00ec b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. <\/p>\n

(M\u1eddi qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea7n 2: G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c NOE c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

TS. C\u1ea5n V\u0103n L\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u BIDV<\/p>\n

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[ad_1] Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t (Non-Observed Economy \u2013 NOE \u2013 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed an […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":85,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ban-tin-tai-chinh"],"yoast_head":"\nTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? 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